Gongsanseong Fortress is a historic mountain fortress located in Gongju, South Korea. It was a crucial stronghold that protected Ungjin, the second capital of Baekje (present-day Gongju), and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its historical value and beautiful scenery.
Key Features and Highlights:
Historical Significance:
- Gongsanseong Fortress is believed to have been the site of the Baekje royal palace from 475 to 538, when Baekje moved its capital from Hanseong (present-day Seoul) to Ungjin due to Goguryeo’s attacks.
- It continued to play an important role as a military stronghold during the Silla, Goryeo, and Joseon dynasties.
- It was also used as a refuge by King Injo during a rebellion.
Architectural Features:
- The fortress is situated on a 110m-high ridge overlooking the Geum River, with a total length of 2,660m of walls.
- The walls combine earthworks from the Baekje period and stonework from the Joseon period, and the fortress is equipped with various defensive facilities, including four gates (east, west, south, and north), secret gates, bastions, and command posts.
- Inside the fortress are various attractions such as the royal palace site, Ssangsujeong Pavilion, and Yeongeunsa Temple.
Key Viewing Points:
- Geumseoru (West Gate): The west gate of Gongsanseong, considered one of the most beautiful gate towers.
- Ssangsujeong Pavilion: A pavilion where King Injo is said to have rested during a rebellion.
- Jinnamnu (South Gate): The south gate of Gongsanseong, boasting a grand scale.
- Yeongdongru (East Gate): The east gate of Gongsanseong, located with a view of the Geum River.
- Gongbukru (North Gate): The north gate of Gongsanseong, overlooking the Geum River.
- Yeongeunsa Temple: A temple located within Gongsanseong, offering a tranquil atmosphere.
Surrounding Attractions:
- In addition to Gongsanseong, Gongju city has various other historical sites, such as the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong and the Gongju National Museum.
Visiting Information:
Opening Hours: Open year-round (night opening until 22:00 after sunset)
Admission Fees: Adults 3,000 won, teenagers 1,500 won, children 1,000 won
Transportation: Accessible by walking or taxi from Gongju Intercity Bus Terminal
Gongsanseong is an important historical site where you can experience the history and culture of Baekje, and it is a place where you can enjoy historical exploration along with beautiful natural scenery.
